{"id":989,"date":"2017-09-16T20:56:19","date_gmt":"2017-09-16T18:56:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ent2d.ac-bordeaux.fr\/disciplines\/anglaisvoiepro\/?p=989"},"modified":"2022-05-01T22:10:22","modified_gmt":"2022-05-01T20:10:22","slug":"en-savoir-plus-sur-the-bull-ring-birmingham","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ent2d.ac-bordeaux.fr\/disciplines\/anglaisvoiepro\/2017\/09\/16\/en-savoir-plus-sur-the-bull-ring-birmingham\/","title":{"rendered":"En savoir plus sur &#8230; The BULL RING, BIRMINGHAM"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-994 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/ent2d.ac-bordeaux.fr\/disciplines\/anglaisvoiepro\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2017\/09\/Aerial_Bull_Ring_Birmingham-300x213.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"213\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ent2d.ac-bordeaux.fr\/disciplines\/anglaisvoiepro\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2017\/09\/Aerial_Bull_Ring_Birmingham-300x213.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ent2d.ac-bordeaux.fr\/disciplines\/anglaisvoiepro\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2017\/09\/Aerial_Bull_Ring_Birmingham-768x545.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ent2d.ac-bordeaux.fr\/disciplines\/anglaisvoiepro\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2017\/09\/Aerial_Bull_Ring_Birmingham.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><strong>The Bull Ring<\/strong> is a major commercial area of central Birmingham. It has been an important feature of Birmingham since the <a title=\"Middle Ages\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Middle_Ages\">Middle Ages<\/a>, when its market was first held. Two <a title=\"Shopping mall\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shopping_mall\">shopping centres<\/a> have been built in the area; in the 1960s, and then in 2003; the latter is styled as one word, Bullring.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>The site is located on the edge of the sandstone city ridge which results in the steep gradient towards <a title=\"Digbeth\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Digbeth\">Digbeth<\/a>. The slope drops approximately 15 metres (49\u00a0ft) from <a title=\"New Street, Birmingham\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_Street,_Birmingham\">New Street<\/a> to <a title=\"St Martin in the Bull Ring\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/St_Martin_in_the_Bull_Ring\">St Martin&#8217;s Church<\/a> which is very visible near the church.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Remaking_Birmingham_6-0\" class=\"reference\"><\/sup><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>The current shopping centre was the busiest in the United Kingdom in 2004 with 36.5 million visitors. It houses one of only four <a title=\"Selfridges\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Selfridges\">Selfridges<\/a> department stores, the fourth largest <a title=\"Debenhams\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Debenhams\">Debenhams<\/a> and <a title=\"Forever 21\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Forever_21\">Forever 21<\/a>. Consequently, the centre has been a huge success, attracting customers from all over the world.<sup id=\"cite_ref-8\" class=\"reference\"><\/sup><\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<header class=\"loc article-header article-header\">\n<h1 id=\"article-heading_1-0\" class=\"comp article-heading\">What is Blob Architecture? What is Blobitecture?<\/h1>\n<h2 id=\"article-subheading_1-0\" class=\"comp article-subheading\">Living in Binary Large Objects<\/h2>\n<\/header>\n<figure id=\"figure-article_1-0\" class=\"comp figure-article lock-primary figure-landscape\">\n<div class=\"figure-media\">\n<div class=\"img-placeholder\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-997 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/ent2d.ac-bordeaux.fr\/disciplines\/anglaisvoiepro\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2017\/09\/220px-Birmingham_Selfridges_building.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"220\" height=\"283\" \/><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div><figcaption class=\"figure-article-caption\">Selfridges Department store in Birmingham, England designed by Czechoslovakia-born Jan Kaplick\u00fd&#8217;s firm, Future Systems, is often considered Blob Architecture. Photo by Christopher Furlong\/Getty Images News Collection\/Getty Images<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<div id=\"breadcrumbs-list_3-0\" class=\"comp breadcrumbs-list\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"loc pre-content\">\n<div id=\"article-meta_1-0\" class=\"comp article-meta mntl-block\">\n<div id=\"updated-label_1-0\" class=\"comp updated-label article-updated-label\">Updated March 05, 2016<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"flex_1-0\" class=\"comp flex article-content\">\n<p>Blob architecture is a type of wavy, curvy building design without traditional edges or traditional symmetric form. It is made possible by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thoughtco.com\/what-is-cad-or-bim-178399\">computer-aided-design (CAD)<\/a> software. American-born architect and philosopher Greg Lynn is credited with coining the phrase, although Lynn himself claims the name comes from a software feature that creates <strong>B<\/strong>inary <strong>L<\/strong>arge <strong>Ob<\/strong>jects.<\/p>\n<p>The name has stuck, often disparagingly, in various forms, including <em>blobism, blobismus<\/em>, and <em>blobitecture.<\/em><\/p>\n<h3>Examples of Blob Architecture:<\/h3>\n<p>These buildings have been called <em>blobitecture<\/em>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Selfridges Department Store (pictured on this page) in Birmingham, United Kingdom<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thoughtco.com\/frank-gehry-portfolio-buildings-gallery-4065251\">Guggenheim Museum<\/a> in Bilbao, Spain (designed by Frank Gehry)<\/li>\n<li>Xanadu Houses in Kissimmee, Florida<\/li>\n<li>The Sage Gateshead <a href=\"http:\/\/0.tqn.com\/d\/architecture\/1\/S\/R\/2\/2\/foster-sage-143217888.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">(view image)<\/a> in Newcastle, UK (designed by Norman Foster)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.fuksas.it\/en\/Projects\/Admirant-Entrance-Building-Eindhoven\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Admirant Entrance Building<\/a> in Eindhoven, Netherlands (designed by Massimiliano Fuksas)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thoughtco.com\/zaha-hadid-architecture-portfolio-177693\">Galaxy SOHO<\/a> in Beijing, China (designed by Zaha Hadid)<\/li>\n<li>The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thoughtco.com\/frank-gehry-portfolio-buildings-gallery-4065251\">Experience Music Project<\/a> (EMP) in Seattle, Washington (designed by Frank Gehry)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"billboard2-sticky_1-0\" class=\"comp billboard2-sticky billboard-sticky is-lockable\"><\/div>\n<h3>Other Architects Experimenting with Blob Modeling:<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thoughtco.com\/peter-eisenman-designer-berlin-holocaust-memorial-177844\">Peter Eisenman<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thoughtco.com\/norman-foster-high-tech-architect-177845\">Norman Foster<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Massimiliano Fuksas<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thoughtco.com\/frank-gehry-deconstructivist-architect-177847\">Frank Gehry<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thoughtco.com\/zaha-hadid-pritzker-prize-177408\">Zaha Hadid<\/a> and Patrik Schumacher<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/artanddesign\/2009\/jan\/15\/architect-jan-kaplicky-dies\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Jan Kaplick\u00fd<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"cb-split\">\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Bull Ring is a major commercial area of central Birmingham. It has been an important feature of Birmingham since<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":201,"featured_media":990,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[28,14],"tags":[128],"class_list":["post-989","post","type-post","status-publish","format-gallery","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-culture","category-pedagogie","tag-birmingham","post_format-post-format-gallery"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ent2d.ac-bordeaux.fr\/disciplines\/anglaisvoiepro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/989","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ent2d.ac-bordeaux.fr\/disciplines\/anglaisvoiepro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ent2d.ac-bordeaux.fr\/disciplines\/anglaisvoiepro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ent2d.ac-bordeaux.fr\/disciplines\/anglaisvoiepro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/201"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ent2d.ac-bordeaux.fr\/disciplines\/anglaisvoiepro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=989"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/ent2d.ac-bordeaux.fr\/disciplines\/anglaisvoiepro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/989\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2120,"href":"https:\/\/ent2d.ac-bordeaux.fr\/disciplines\/anglaisvoiepro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/989\/revisions\/2120"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ent2d.ac-bordeaux.fr\/disciplines\/anglaisvoiepro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/990"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ent2d.ac-bordeaux.fr\/disciplines\/anglaisvoiepro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=989"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ent2d.ac-bordeaux.fr\/disciplines\/anglaisvoiepro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=989"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ent2d.ac-bordeaux.fr\/disciplines\/anglaisvoiepro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=989"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}